Maritime security is frequently defined as the protection from threats to the freedom or good order at sea. Issues clustered under the notion of maritime security include crimes such as piracy, armed robbery at sea, trafficking of people and illicit goods, illegal fishing or pollution. Often inter-state rivalry and violence extremism (maritime terrorism) is also included in the definition. As a concept and agenda maritime security has evolved since the early 2000s, when in particular concerns over terrorist attacks on port facilities sparked interest in security in the maritime domain. Several states and international organisations have since outlined maritime security strategies. It is in particular piracy in Southeast Asia, off the coast of Somalia and in West Africa which has triggered recognition for the detrimental effects of maritime insecurities for economic development, human security as well as the environment.
